tachybase_todo/docs/en-US/api/database/index.md

Database

Overview

Database is the database interaction tool provided by NocoBase, it provides very convenient database interaction features for no-code and low-code applications. The supported databases are:

• SQLite 3.8.8+
• MySQL 8.0.17+
• PostgreSQL 10.0+

Connect to Database

In Database constructor, database connection can be configured by passing the options parameter.

const { Database } = require('@nocobase/database');

// SQLite database configuration parameters
const database = new Database({
  dialect: 'sqlite',
  storage: 'path/to/database.sqlite'
})

// MySQL \ PostgreSQL database configuration parameters
const database = new Database({
  dialect: /* 'postgres' or 'mysql' */,
  database: 'database',
  username: 'username',
  password: 'password',
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 'port'
})

Refer to Constructor for detailed configurations.

Define Data Structure

Database defines database structure through Collection, one Collection object represents one table in the database.

// Define Collection 
const UserCollection = database.collection({
  name: 'users',
  fields: [
    {
      name: 'name',
      type: 'string',
    },
    {
      name: 'age',
      type: 'integer',
    },
  ],
});

After the database structure is defined, use sync() method to synchronize the database structure.

await database.sync();

Refer to Collection for detailed usage of Collection.

CRUD Data

Database operates data through Repository.

const UserRepository = UserCollection.repository();

// Create
await UserRepository.create({
  name: 'Mark',
  age: 18,
});

// Query
const user = await UserRepository.findOne({
  filter: {
    name: 'Mark',
  },
});

// Update
await UserRepository.update({
  values: {
    age: 20,
  },
});

// Delete
await UserRepository.destroy(user.id);

Refer to Repository for details of data CRUD.

Constructor

Signature

• constructor(options: DatabaseOptions)

Create a database instance.

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
options.host	string	'localhost'	Database host
options.port	number	-	Database service port, there is a default port depending on the database used
options.username	string	-	Database username
options.password	string	-	Database password
options.database	string	-	Database name
options.dialect	string	'mysql'	Database type
options.storage?	string	':memory:'	Storage mode for SQLite
options.logging?	boolean	false	Whether to enable logging
options.define?	Object	{}	Default table definition parameters
options.tablePrefix?	string	''	NocoBase extension, table prefix
options.migrator?	UmzugOptions	{}	NocoBase extension, parameters for migrator, refer to Umzug for the implementation

Migration Methods

addMigration()

Add single migration file.

Signature

• addMigration(options: MigrationItem)

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
options.name	string	-	Name of the migration file
options.context?	string	-	Context of the migration file
options.migration?	typeof Migration	-	Custom type of the migration file
options.up	Function	-	up method of the migration file
options.down	Function	-	down method of the migration file

Example

db.addMigration({
  name: '20220916120411-test-1',
  async up() {
    const queryInterface = this.context.db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();
    await queryInterface.query(/* your migration sqls */);
  }
});

addMigrations()

Add the migration files in the specified directory.

Signature

• addMigrations(options: AddMigrationsOptions): void

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
options.directory	string	''	Directory where the migration files are located
options.extensions	string[]	['js', 'ts']	File extensions
options.namespace?	string	''	Namespace
options.context?	Object	{ db }	Context of the migration files

Example

db.addMigrations({
  directory: path.resolve(__dirname, './migrations'),
  namespace: 'test'
});

Tool Methods

inDialect()

Check whether the current database type is the specified type.

Signature

• inDialect(dialect: string[]): boolean

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
dialect	string[]	-	Database type, options are mysql, postgres and sqlite

getTablePrefix()

Get the table name prefix in the configuration.

Signature

• getTablePrefix(): string

Data Table Configuration

collection()

Define a data table. This is similar to the define method of Sequelize, which only creates table structure in memory. Call the sync method if it is needed to be persisted to the database.

Signature

• collection(options: CollectionOptions): Collection

Parameter

All configuration parameters of options is consistent with the constructor of the Collection class, refer to Collection.

Event

• 'beforeDefineCollection': Trigger before defining the table.
• 'afterDefineCollection': Trigger after defining the table.

Example

db.collection({
  name: 'books',
  fields: [
    {
      type: 'string',
      name: 'title',
    },
    {
      type: 'float',
      name: 'price',
    }
  ]
});

// sync collection as table to db
await db.sync();

getCollection()

Gets a defined data table.

Signature

• getCollection(name: string): Collection

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
name	string	-	Table name

Example

const collection = db.getCollection('books');

hasCollection()

Check whether if a specified data table has been defined.

Signature

• hasCollection(name: string): boolean

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
name	string	-	Table name

Example

db.collection({ name: 'books' });

db.hasCollection('books'); // true

db.hasCollection('authors'); // false

removeCollection()

Remove a defined data table; remove from memory only. Call the sync method if it is needed to be persisted to the database.

Signature

• removeCollection(name: string): void

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
name	string	-	Table name

Event

• 'beforeRemoveCollection': Trigger before removing the table.
• 'afterRemoveCollection': Trigger after removing the table

Example

db.collection({ name: 'books' });

db.removeCollection('books');

import()

Load all files in the import file directory into memory as the configuration of collection.

Signature

• async import(options: { directory: string; extensions?: ImportFileExtension[] }): Promise<Map<string, Collection>>

Parameter

Name	Type	Default	Description
options.directory	string	-	Path of directory to be imported
options.extensions	string[]	['ts', 'js']	Scan for specific suffixes

Example

The collection defined by file ./collections/books.ts is as below:

export default {
  name: 'books',
  fields: [
    {
      type: 'string',
      name: 'title',
    }
  ]
};

Import the relevant configurations when loading the plugin:

class Plugin {
  async load() {
    await this.app.db.import({
      directory: path.resolve(__dirname, './collections'),
    });
  }
}

Extended Registration and Access

registerFieldTypes()

Register custom field types.

Signature

• registerFieldTypes(fieldTypes: MapOf<typeof Field>): void

Parameter

fieldTypes is a key-value pair, where key is the field type name and value is the field type class.

Example

import { Field } from '@nocobase/database';

class MyField extends Field {
  // ...
}

db.registerFieldTypes({
  myField: MyField,
});

registerModels()

Register custom data model classes.

Signature

• registerModels(models: MapOf<ModelStatic<any>>): void

Parameter

models is a key-value pair, where key is the data model name and value is the data model class.

Example

import { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

class MyModel extends Model {
  // ...
}

db.registerModels({
  myModel: MyModel,
});

db.collection({
  name: 'myCollection',
  model: 'myModel'
});

registerRepositories()

注册自定义数据仓库类。

签名

• registerRepositories(repositories: MapOf<RepositoryType>): void

参数

repositories 是一个键值对，键为数据仓库名称，值为数据仓库类。

示例

import { Repository } from '@nocobase/database';

class MyRepository extends Repository {
  // ...
}

db.registerRepositories({
  myRepository: MyRepository,
});

db.collection({
  name: 'myCollection',
  repository: 'myRepository'
});

registerOperators()

注册自定义数据查询操作符。

签名

• registerOperators(operators: MapOf<OperatorFunc>)

参数

operators 是一个键值对，键为操作符名称，值为操作符比较语句生成函数。

示例

db.registerOperators({
  $dateOn(value) {
    return {
      [Op.and]: [{ [Op.gte]: stringToDate(value) }, { [Op.lt]: getNextDay(value) }],
    };
  }
});

db.getRepository('books').count({
  filter: {
    createdAt: {
      // registered operator
      $dateOn: '2020-01-01',
    }
  }
});

getModel()

获取已定义的数据模型类。如果没有在之前注册自定义模型类，将返回 Sequelize 默认的模型类。默认名称与 collection 定义的名称相同。

签名

• getModel(name: string): Model

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
name	string	-	已注册的模型名

示例

db.registerModels({
  books: class MyModel extends Model {}
});

const ModelClass = db.getModel('books');

console.log(ModelClass.prototype instanceof MyModel) // true

注：从 collection 中获取的模型类并不与注册时的模型类严格相等，而是继承自注册时的模型类。由于 Sequelize 的模型类在初始化过程中属性会被修改，所以 NocoBase 自动处理了这个继承关系。除类不相等以外，其他所有定义都可以正常使用。

getRepository()

获取自定义的数据仓库类。如果没有在之前注册自定义数据仓库类，将返回 NocoBase 默认的数据仓库类。默认名称与 collection 定义的名称相同。

数据仓库类主要用于基于数据模型的增删改查等操作，参考 数据仓库。

签名

• getRepository(name: string): Repository
• getRepository(name: string, relationId?: string | number): Repository

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
name	string	-	已注册的数据仓库名
relationId	string | number	-	关系数据的外键值

当名称是形如 'tables.relactions' 的带关联的名称时，将返回关联的数据仓库类。如果提供了第二个参数，数据仓库在使用时（查询、修改等）会基于关系数据的外键值。

示例

假设有两张数据表_文章_与_作者_，并且文章表中有一个外键指向作者表：

const AuthorsRepo = db.getRepository('authors');
const author1 = AuthorsRepo.create({ name: 'author1' });

const PostsRepo = db.getRepository('authors.posts', author1.id);
const post1 = AuthorsRepo.create({ title: 'post1' });
asset(post1.authorId === author1.id); // true

数据库事件

on()

监听数据库事件。

签名

• on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void | Promise<void>): void

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
event	string	-	事件名称
listener	Function	-	事件监听器

事件名称默认支持 Sequelize 的 Model 事件。针对全局事件，通过 <sequelize_model_global_event> 的名称方式监听，针对单 Model 事件，通过 <model_name>.<sequelize_model_event> 的名称方式监听。

所有内置的事件类型的参数说明和详细示例参考 内置事件 部分内容。

off()

移除事件监听函数。

签名

• off(name: string, listener: Function)

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
name	string	-	事件名称
listener	Function	-	事件监听器

示例

const listener = async (model, options) => {
  console.log(model);
};

db.on('afterCreate', listener);

db.off('afterCreate', listener);

数据库操作

auth()

数据库连接验证。可以用于确保应用与数据已建立连接。

签名

• auth(options: QueryOptions & { retry?: number } = {}): Promise<boolean>

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
options?	Object	-	验证选项
options.retry?	number	10	验证失败时重试次数
options.transaction?	Transaction	-	事务对象
options.logging?	boolean | Function	false	是否打印日志

示例

await db.auth();

reconnect()

重新连接数据库。

示例

await db.reconnect();

closed()

判断数据库是否已关闭连接。

签名

• closed(): boolean

close()

关闭数据库连接。等同于 sequelize.close()。

sync()

同步数据库表结构。等同于 sequelize.sync()，参数参考 Sequelize 文档。

clean()

清空数据库，将删除所有数据表。

签名

• clean(options: CleanOptions): Promise<void>

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
options.drop	boolean	false	是否移除所有数据表
options.skip	string[]	-	跳过的表名配置
options.transaction	Transaction	-	事务对象

示例

移除除 users 表以外的所有表。

await db.clean({
  drop: true,
  skip: ['users']
})

包级导出

defineCollection()

创建一个数据表的配置内容。

签名

• defineCollection(name: string, config: CollectionOptions): CollectionOptions

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
collectionOptions	CollectionOptions	-	与所有 db.collection() 的参数相同

示例

对于要被 db.import() 导入的数据表配置文件：

import { defineCollection } from '@nocobase/database';

export default defineCollection({
  name: 'users',
  fields: [
    {
      type: 'string',
      name: 'name',
    },
  ],
});

extendCollection()

扩展已在内存中的表结构配置内容，主要用于 import() 方法导入的文件内容。该方法是 @nocobase/database 包导出的顶级方法，不通过 db 实例调用。也可以使用 extend 别名。

签名

• extendCollection(collectionOptions: CollectionOptions, mergeOptions?: MergeOptions): ExtendedCollectionOptions

参数

参数名	类型	默认值	描述
collectionOptions	CollectionOptions	-	与所有 db.collection() 的参数相同
mergeOptions?	MergeOptions	-	npm 包 deepmerge 的参数

示例

原始 books 表定义（books.ts）：

export default {
  name: 'books',
  fields: [
    { name: 'title', type: 'string' }
  ]
}

扩展 books 表定义（books.extend.ts）：

import { extend } from '@nocobase/database';

// 再次扩展
export default extend({
  name: 'books',
  fields: [
    { name: 'price', type: 'number' }
  ]
});

以上两个文件如在调用 import() 时导入，通过 extend() 再次扩展以后，books 表将拥有 title 和 price 两个字段。

此方法在扩展已有插件已定义的表结构时非常有用。

内置事件

数据库会在相应的生命周期触发以下对应的事件，通过 on() 方法订阅后进行特定的处理可满足一些业务需要。

'beforeSync' / 'afterSync'

当新的表结构配置（字段、索引等）被同步到数据库前后触发，通常在执行 collection.sync()（内部调用）时会触发，一般用于一些特殊的字段扩展的逻辑处理。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeSync` | 'beforeSync' | `${string}.afterSync` | 'afterSync', listener: SyncListener): this

类型

import type { SyncOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';

type SyncListener = (options?: SyncOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

const users = db.collection({
  name: 'users',
  fields: [
    { type: 'string', name: 'username' }
  ]
});

db.on('beforeSync', async (options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('users.afterSync', async (options) => {
  // do something
});

await users.sync();

'beforeValidate' / 'afterValidate'

创建或更新数据前会有基于 collection 定义的规则对数据的验证过程，在验证前后会触发对应事件。当调用 repository.create() 或 repository.update() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeValidate` | 'beforeValidate' | `${string}.afterValidate` | 'afterValidate', listener: ValidateListener): this

类型

import type { ValidationOptions } from 'sequelize/types/lib/instance-validator';
import type { HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

type ValidateListener = (model: Model, options?: ValidationOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.collection({
  name: 'tests',
  fields: [
    {
      type: 'string',
      name: 'email',
      validate: {
        isEmail: true,
      },
    }
  ],
});

// all models
db.on('beforeValidate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});
// tests model
db.on('tests.beforeValidate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

// all models
db.on('afterValidate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});
// tests model
db.on('tests.afterValidate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

const repository = db.getRepository('tests');
await repository.create({
  values: {
    email: 'abc', // checks for email format
  },
});
// or 
await repository.update({
  filterByTk: 1,
  values: {
    email: 'abc', // checks for email format
  },
});

'beforeCreate' / 'afterCreate'

创建一条数据前后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.create() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeCreate` | 'beforeCreate' | `${string}.afterCreate` | 'afterCreate', listener: CreateListener): this

类型

import type { CreateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type CreateListener = (model: Model, options?: CreateOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('beforeCreate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterCreate', async (model, options) => {
  const { transaction } = options;
  const result = await model.constructor.findByPk(model.id, {
    transaction
  });
  console.log(result);
});

'beforeUpdate' / 'afterUpdate'

更新一条数据前后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.update() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeUpdate` | 'beforeUpdate' | `${string}.afterUpdate` | 'afterUpdate', listener: UpdateListener): this

类型

import type { UpdateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type UpdateListener = (model: Model, options?: UpdateOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('beforeUpdate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterUpdate', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'beforeSave' / 'afterSave'

创建或更新一条数据前后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.create() 或 repository.update() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeSave` | 'beforeSave' | `${string}.afterSave` | 'afterSave', listener: SaveListener): this

类型

import type { SaveOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type SaveListener = (model: Model, options?: SaveOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('beforeSave', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterSave', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'beforeDestroy' / 'afterDestroy'

删除一条数据前后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.destroy() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.beforeDestroy` | 'beforeDestroy' | `${string}.afterDestroy` | 'afterDestroy', listener: DestroyListener): this

类型

import type { DestroyOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type DestroyListener = (model: Model, options?: DestroyOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('beforeDestroy', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterDestroy', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'afterCreateWithAssociations'

创建一条携带层级关系数据的数据之后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.create() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.afterCreateWithAssociations` | 'afterCreateWithAssociations', listener: CreateWithAssociationsListener): this

类型

import type { CreateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type CreateWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: CreateOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('afterCreateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterCreateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'afterUpdateWithAssociations'

更新一条携带层级关系数据的数据之后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.update() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.afterUpdateWithAssociations` | 'afterUpdateWithAssociations', listener: CreateWithAssociationsListener): this

类型

import type { UpdateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type UpdateWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: UpdateOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('afterUpdateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterUpdateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'afterSaveWithAssociations'

创建或更新一条携带层级关系数据的数据之后会触发对应事件，当调用 repository.create() 或 repository.update() 时会触发。

签名

on(eventName: `${string}.afterSaveWithAssociations` | 'afterSaveWithAssociations', listener: SaveWithAssociationsListener): this

类型

import type { SaveOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';

export type SaveWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: SaveOptions) => HookReturn;

示例

db.on('afterSaveWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('books.afterSaveWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
  // do something
});

'beforeDefineCollection'

当定义一个数据表之前触发，如调用 db.collection() 时。

注：该事件是同步事件。

签名

on(eventName: 'beforeDefineCollection', listener: BeforeDefineCollectionListener): this

类型

import type { CollectionOptions } from '@nocobase/database';

export type BeforeDefineCollectionListener = (options: CollectionOptions) => void;

示例

db.on('beforeDefineCollection', (options) => {
  // do something
});

'afterDefineCollection'

当定义一个数据表之后触发，如调用 db.collection() 时。

注：该事件是同步事件。

签名

on(eventName: 'afterDefineCollection', listener: AfterDefineCollectionListener): this

类型

import type { Collection } from '@nocobase/database';

export type AfterDefineCollectionListener = (options: Collection) => void;

示例

db.on('afterDefineCollection', (collection) => {
  // do something
});

'beforeRemoveCollection' / 'afterRemoveCollection'

当从内存中移除一个数据表前后触发，如调用 db.removeCollection() 时。

注：该事件是同步事件。

签名

on(eventName: 'beforeRemoveCollection' | 'afterRemoveCollection', listener: RemoveCollectionListener): this

类型

import type { Collection } from '@nocobase/database';

export type RemoveCollectionListener = (options: Collection) => void;

示例

db.on('beforeRemoveCollection', (collection) => {
  // do something
});

db.on('afterRemoveCollection', (collection) => {
  // do something
});