diff --git a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/create.test.ts b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/create.test.ts
index 559bf458a..dfe442151 100644
--- a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/create.test.ts
+++ b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/create.test.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('create', () => {
             { content: 'comment2', status: 'draft' },
           ]
         });
-      expect(response.body.sort).toBe(null);
+      expect(response.body.sort).toBe(1);
       expect(response.body.user_id).toBe(1);
       
       const postWithUser = await agent
diff --git a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/middleware.test.ts b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/middleware.test.ts
index 2a2f2b73d..632ae11dd 100644
--- a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/middleware.test.ts
+++ b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/middleware.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ describe('list', () => {
   
   beforeAll(async () => {
     resourcer.define({
-      name: 'posts',
+      name: 'articles',
       middlewares: [
         jsonReponse,
       ],
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ describe('list', () => {
     });
     db = await initDatabase();
     db.table({
-      name: 'posts',
-      tableName: 'actions__m__posts',
+      name: 'articles',
+      tableName: 'actions__articles',
       fields: [
         {
           type: 'string',
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe('list', () => {
 
   it('create', async () => {
     const response = await agent
-      .post('/posts')
+      .post('/articles')
       .send({
         title: 'title1',
       });
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe('list', () => {
   });
 
   it('list', async () => {
-    const response = await agent.get('/posts?fields=title&page=1');
+    const response = await agent.get('/articles?fields=title&page=1');
     expect(response.body).toEqual({
       data: [ { title: 'title1' } ],
       meta: { count: 1, page: 1, per_page: 20 }
diff --git a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/sort.test.ts b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/sort.test.ts
index b3f806b1d..c2bc7998f 100644
--- a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/sort.test.ts
+++ b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/sort.test.ts
@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ describe('get', () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     db = await initDatabase();
     const User = db.getModel('users');
-    const users = await User.bulkCreate('abcdefg'.split('').map(name => ({ name })));
+    const users = await User.bulkCreate(Array.from('abcdefg').map(name => ({ name })));
 
     const Post = db.getModel('posts');
-    const posts = await Post.bulkCreate(Array(22).fill(null).map((_, i) => ({
+    const posts = await Post.bulkCreate(Array(10).fill(null).map((_, i) => ({
       title: `title_${i}`,
       status: i % 2 ? 'publish' : 'draft',
-      sort: i,
       user_id: users[i % users.length].id
     })));
 
@@ -20,58 +19,76 @@ describe('get', () => {
       comments: Array(post.sort % 5).fill(null).map((_, index) => ({
         content: `content_${index}`,
         status: index % 2 ? 'published' : 'draft',
-        user_id: users[index % users.length].id,
-        sort: index
+        user_id: users[index % users.length].id
       }))
     })), Promise.resolve());
-    // [
-    //   { id: 1, post_id: 2, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 2, post_id: 3, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 3, post_id: 3, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 4, post_id: 4, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 5, post_id: 4, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 6, post_id: 4, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 7, post_id: 5, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 8, post_id: 5, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 9, post_id: 5, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 10, post_id: 5, sort: 3 },
-    //   { id: 11, post_id: 7, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 12, post_id: 8, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 13, post_id: 8, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 14, post_id: 9, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 15, post_id: 9, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 16, post_id: 9, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 17, post_id: 10, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 18, post_id: 10, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 19, post_id: 10, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 20, post_id: 10, sort: 3 },
-    //   { id: 21, post_id: 15, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 22, post_id: 15, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 23, post_id: 15, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 24, post_id: 15, sort: 3 },
-    //   { id: 25, post_id: 12, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 26, post_id: 13, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 27, post_id: 13, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 28, post_id: 14, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 29, post_id: 14, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 30, post_id: 14, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 31, post_id: 17, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 32, post_id: 18, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 33, post_id: 18, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 34, post_id: 19, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 35, post_id: 19, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 36, post_id: 19, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 37, post_id: 20, sort: 0 },
-    //   { id: 38, post_id: 20, sort: 1 },
-    //   { id: 39, post_id: 20, sort: 2 },
-    //   { id: 40, post_id: 20, sort: 3 },
-    //   { id: 41, post_id: 22, sort: 0 }
-    // ]
   });
   
   afterAll(() => db.close());
 
+  describe.only('sort value initialization', () => {
+    it('initialization by bulkCreate', async () => {
+      const Post = db.getModel('posts');
+      const posts = await Post.findAll({
+        order: [['id', 'ASC']]
+      });
+      expect(posts.map(({ id, sort, sort_in_status, sort_in_user }) => ({ id, sort, sort_in_status, sort_in_user }))).toEqual([
+        { id: 1, sort: 1, sort_in_status: 1, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 2, sort: 2, sort_in_status: 1, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 3, sort: 3, sort_in_status: 2, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 4, sort: 4, sort_in_status: 2, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 5, sort: 5, sort_in_status: 3, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 6, sort: 6, sort_in_status: 3, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 7, sort: 7, sort_in_status: 4, sort_in_user: 1 },
+        { id: 8, sort: 8, sort_in_status: 4, sort_in_user: 2 },
+        { id: 9, sort: 9, sort_in_status: 5, sort_in_user: 2 },
+        { id: 10, sort: 10, sort_in_status: 5, sort_in_user: 2 }
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('initialization by updateAssociations', async () => {
+      const Comment = db.getModel('comments');
+      const comments = await Comment.findAll({
+        order: [['id', 'ASC']]
+      });
+      expect(comments.map(({ id, sort, sort_in_status, sort_in_post }) => ({ id, sort, sort_in_status, sort_in_post }))).toEqual([
+        { id: 1, sort: 1, sort_in_status: 1, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 2, sort: 2, sort_in_status: 2, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 3, sort: 3, sort_in_status: 1, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 4, sort: 4, sort_in_status: 3, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 5, sort: 5, sort_in_status: 2, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 6, sort: 6, sort_in_status: 4, sort_in_post: 3 },
+        { id: 7, sort: 7, sort_in_status: 5, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 8, sort: 8, sort_in_status: 3, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 9, sort: 9, sort_in_status: 6, sort_in_post: 3 },
+        { id: 10, sort: 10, sort_in_status: 4, sort_in_post: 4 },
+        { id: 11, sort: 11, sort_in_status: 7, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 12, sort: 12, sort_in_status: 8, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 13, sort: 13, sort_in_status: 5, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 14, sort: 14, sort_in_status: 9, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 15, sort: 15, sort_in_status: 6, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 16, sort: 16, sort_in_status: 10, sort_in_post: 3 },
+        { id: 17, sort: 17, sort_in_status: 11, sort_in_post: 1 },
+        { id: 18, sort: 18, sort_in_status: 7, sort_in_post: 2 },
+        { id: 19, sort: 19, sort_in_status: 12, sort_in_post: 3 },
+        { id: 20, sort: 20, sort_in_status: 8, sort_in_post: 4 }
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('sort value of append item', async () => {
+      const Post = db.getModel('posts');
+      const post = await Post.create({ user_id: 1 });
+      expect(post.sort).toBe(11);
+      expect(post.sort_in_status).toBe(6);
+      expect(post.sort_in_user).toBe(3);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('sort in whole table', () => {
+    it('init sort value', async () => {
+      const Post = db.getModel('posts');
+    });
+
     it('move id=1 by offset=1', async () => {
       const Post = db.getModel('posts');
       await agent
@@ -165,10 +182,10 @@ describe('get', () => {
       expect(post1.get('sort')).toBe(0);
 
       const post2 = await Post.findByPk(2);
-      expect(post2.get('sort')).toBe(22);
+      expect(post2.get('sort')).toBe(10);
 
-      const post22 = await Post.findByPk(22);
-      expect(post22.get('sort')).toBe(21);
+      const post10 = await Post.findByPk(10);
+      expect(post10.get('sort')).toBe(9);
     });
 
     it('move id=2 by offset=-Infinity', async () => {
@@ -222,7 +239,7 @@ describe('get', () => {
       
       const Post = db.getModel('posts');
       const post2 = await Post.findByPk(2);
-      expect(post2.get('sort')).toBe(22);
+      expect(post2.get('sort')).toBe(10);
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/comments.ts b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/comments.ts
index 74637bebf..9497b187a 100644
--- a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/comments.ts
+++ b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/comments.ts
@@ -21,8 +21,18 @@ export default {
       name: 'user',
     },
     {
-      type: 'integer',
+      type: 'sort',
       name: 'sort'
+    },
+    {
+      type: 'sort',
+      name: 'sort_in_status',
+      scope: ['status']
+    },
+    {
+      type: 'sort',
+      name: 'sort_in_post',
+      scope: ['post']
     }
   ],
   scopes: {
@@ -31,6 +41,5 @@ export default {
         status: 'published'
       }
     }
-  },
-  sortable: true
+  }
 } as TableOptions;
diff --git a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/posts.ts b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/posts.ts
index 70600f14e..2f9462ca8 100644
--- a/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/posts.ts
+++ b/packages/actions/src/__tests__/tables/posts.ts
@@ -30,18 +30,24 @@ export default {
       name: 'tags',
     },
     {
-      type: 'integer',
+      type: 'sort',
       name: 'sort'
     },
+    {
+      type: 'sort',
+      name: 'sort_in_status',
+      scope: ['status']
+    },
+    {
+      type: 'sort',
+      name: 'sort_in_user',
+      scope: ['user']
+    },
     {
       type: 'json',
       name: 'meta'
     }
   ],
-  hooks: {
-    beforeCreate(model, options) {
-    },
-  },
   scopes: {
     customTitle: (title, ctx) => {
       return {
@@ -49,7 +55,6 @@ export default {
           title: title,
         },
       }
-    },
-  },
-  sortable: true
+    }
+  }
 } as TableOptions;
diff --git a/packages/database/src/__tests__/hooks.test.ts b/packages/database/src/__tests__/hooks.test.ts
index 927b3b6ec..c3adff7b5 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/__tests__/hooks.test.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/__tests__/hooks.test.ts
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ describe('hooks', () => {
     expect(test.get('arr')).toEqual([ 1, 3, 2, 4 ]);
   });
 
-  it.only('add hook in custom field', async () => {
+  it('add hook in custom field', async () => {
     const table = db.table({
       name: 'test3',
       fields: [
diff --git a/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/getScopeWhere.test.ts b/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/getScopeWhere.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a84b040e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/getScopeWhere.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { getDatabase } from '..';
+import Database from '../../database';
+
+
+
+describe('getScopeWhere', () => {
+  let db: Database;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    db = getDatabase();
+    db.table({
+      name: 'posts',
+      fields: [
+        {
+          type: 'string',
+          name: 'status'
+        }
+      ]
+    });
+    await db.sync({ force: true });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => db.close());
+
+  it('exist column', async () => {
+    const Post = db.getModel('posts');
+    const post = await Post.create({ status: 'published' });
+    const where = post.getScopeWhere(['status']);
+    expect(where).toEqual({ status: 'published' });
+  });
+
+  it('non-exist column', async () => {
+    const Post = db.getModel('posts');
+    const post = await Post.create({});
+    const where = post.getScopeWhere(['whatever']);
+    expect(where).toEqual({});
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/model.test.ts b/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/model.test.ts
index cd8280bf7..296f978e1 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/model.test.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/__tests__/model/model.test.ts
@@ -367,7 +367,6 @@ describe('model', () => {
           }))
         });
         const updatedComments = await Comment.findAll();
-        console.log(updatedComments);
         const post1CommentsCount = await Comment.count({
           where: { post_id: post.id }
         });
diff --git a/packages/database/src/fields/field-types.ts b/packages/database/src/fields/field-types.ts
index e8b3f8ec8..8ae69dfce 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/fields/field-types.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/fields/field-types.ts
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ import {
   BelongsToManyOptions,
   ThroughOptions,
 } from 'sequelize';
+import { template, get, toNumber } from 'lodash';
+import bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
+
 import * as Options from './option-types';
 import { getDataTypeKey } from '.';
 import Table from '../table';
 import Database from '../database';
 import Model, { ModelCtor } from '../model';
-import { template, isArray, map, get, toNumber } from 'lodash';
-import bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
+import { whereCompare } from '../utils';
 
 export interface IField {
 
@@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ export class BELONGSTOMANY extends Relation {
   }
 
   public getAssociationOptions(): BelongsToManyOptions {
-    const { name, ...restOptions }= this.options;
+    const { name, ...restOptions } = this.options;
     return {
       as: name,
       through: this.getThroughModel(),
@@ -689,3 +691,74 @@ export class BELONGSTOMANY extends Relation {
     }
   }
 }
+
+export class SORT extends NUMBER {
+
+  public readonly options: Options.SortOptions;
+
+  static async beforeCreateHook(this: SORT, model, options) {
+    const { transaction } = options;
+    const Model = model.constructor;
+    const { name, scope = [], next = 'max' } = this.options;
+    const where = model.getScopeWhere(scope);
+    const extremum: number = await Model[next](name, { where, transaction }) || 0;
+    model.set(name, extremum + (next === 'max' ? 1 : -1));
+  }
+
+  static async beforeBulkCreateHook(this: SORT, models, options) {
+    const { transaction } = options;
+    const table = this.context.sourceTable;
+    const Model = table.getModel();
+    const { name, scope = [], next = 'max' } = this.options;
+    // 如果未配置范围限定，则可以进行性能优化处理（常用情况）。
+    if (!scope.length) {
+      const extremum: number = await Model[next](name, { transaction }) || 0;
+      models.forEach((model, i: number) => {
+        model.setDataValue(name, extremum + (i + 1) * (next === 'max' ? 1 : -1));
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // 用于存放 where 条件与计算极值
+    const groups = new Map<{ [key: string]: any }, number>();
+    await models.reduce((promise, model) => promise.then(async () => {
+      const where = model.getScopeWhere(scope);
+
+      let extremum: number;
+      // 以 map 作为 key
+      let combo;
+      // 查找与 where 值相等的组合
+      for (combo of groups.keys()) {
+        if (whereCompare(combo, where)) {
+          // 如果找到的话则以之前储存的值作为基础极值
+          extremum = groups.get(combo);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      // 如未找到组合
+      if (typeof extremum === 'undefined') {
+        // 则使用 where 条件查询极值
+        extremum = await Model[next](name, { where, transaction }) || 0;
+        // 且使用 where 条件创建组合
+        combo = where;
+      }
+      const nextValue = extremum + (next === 'max' ? 1 : -1);
+      // 设置数据行的排序值
+      model.setDataValue(name, nextValue);
+      // 保存新的排序值为对应 where 组合的极值，以供下次计算
+      groups.set(combo, nextValue);
+    }), Promise.resolve());
+  }
+
+  constructor(options: Options.SortOptions, context: FieldContext) {
+    super(options, context);
+    const Model = context.sourceTable.getModel();
+    // TODO(feature): 可考虑策略模式，以在需要时对外提供接口
+    Model.addHook('beforeCreate', SORT.beforeCreateHook.bind(this));
+    Model.addHook('beforeBulkCreate', SORT.beforeBulkCreateHook.bind(this));
+  }
+
+  public getDataType(): Function {
+    return DataTypes.INTEGER;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/database/src/fields/option-types.ts b/packages/database/src/fields/option-types.ts
index ad3338a7f..a41d7353a 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/fields/option-types.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/fields/option-types.ts
@@ -174,6 +174,25 @@ export interface BelongsToManyOptions extends Omit<SequelizeBelongsToManyOptions
   otherKey?: string;
 }
 
+export interface SortOptions extends NumberOptions {
+  type: 'sort';
+  /**
+   * 排序限定范围
+   * 
+   * 在同表的限定范围内的字段值相等的数据行中排序
+   */
+  scope?: string[];
+  /**
+   * 新值创建策略
+   * 
+   * max: 使用最大值
+   * min: 使用最小值
+   * 
+   * Defaults to 'max'
+   */
+  next?: 'min' | 'max';
+}
+
 export type ColumnOptions = AbstractFieldOptions 
                           | BooleanOptions 
                           | NumberOptions 
diff --git a/packages/database/src/model.ts b/packages/database/src/model.ts
index f8856207c..c50fd4c25 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/model.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/model.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {
-  Model as SequelizeModel, Op, Sequelize, ProjectionAlias, Utils, SaveOptions,
+  Model as SequelizeModel, Op, Sequelize, ProjectionAlias, Utils, SaveOptions
 } from 'sequelize';
 import Database from './database';
 import {
@@ -259,6 +259,27 @@ export abstract class Model extends SequelizeModel {
     return data;
   }
 
+  getScopeWhere(scope: string[]) {
+    const Model = this.constructor as ModelCtor<Model>;
+    const table = this.database.getTable(this.constructor.name);
+    const associations = table.getAssociations();
+    const where = {};
+    scope.forEach(col => {
+      const association = associations.get(col);
+      const dataKey = association && association instanceof BELONGSTO
+        ? association.options.foreignKey
+        : col;
+      if (!Model.rawAttributes[dataKey]) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const value = this.getDataValue(dataKey);
+      if (typeof value !== 'undefined') {
+        where[dataKey] = value;
+      }
+    });
+    return where;
+  }
+
   async updateSingleAssociation(key: string, data: any, options: SaveOptions<any> & { context?: any; } = {}) {
     const {
       fields,
@@ -399,27 +420,29 @@ export abstract class Model extends SequelizeModel {
     for (const item of toUpsertObjects) {
       let target;
       if (typeof item[targetKey] === 'undefined') {
-        // TODO(optimize): 不确定 bulkCreate 的结果是否能保证顺序，能保证的话这里可以优化为批量处理
-        target = await Target.create(item, opts);
+        target = await this[accessors.create](item, opts);
       } else {
-        let created: boolean;
-        [target, created] = await Target.findOrCreate({
+        target = await Target.findOne({
+          ...opts,
           where: { [targetKey]: item[targetKey] },
-          defaults: item,
-          transaction
         });
-        if (!created) {
+        if (!target) {
+          target = await this[accessors.create](item, opts);
+        } else {
           await target.update(item, opts);
         }
       }
-      
+      // TODO(optimize): 此处添加的对象其实已经创建了关联，
+      // 但考虑到单条 create 的 hook 要求带上关联键，且后面的 set，
+      // 所以仍然交给 set 再调用关联一次。
+      toSetItems.add(target);
+
       if (association instanceof BELONGSTOMANY) {
         belongsToManyList.push({
           item,
           target
         });
       }
-      toSetItems.add(target);
 
       await target.updateAssociations(item, opts);
     }
diff --git a/packages/database/src/table.ts b/packages/database/src/table.ts
index 92549ede1..a7a37664b 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/table.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/table.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   Relation,
   BELONGSTO,
   BELONGSTOMANY,
+  SORT
 } from './fields';
 import Database from './database';
 import { Model, ModelCtor } from './model';
@@ -127,6 +128,10 @@ export class Table {
 
   public relationTables = new Set<string>();
 
+  get sortable(): boolean {
+    return Array.from(this.fields.values()).some(field => field instanceof SORT);
+  }
+
   constructor(options: TableOptions, context: TabelContext) {
     const { database } = context;
     const {
diff --git a/packages/database/src/utils.ts b/packages/database/src/utils.ts
index 46caa5f74..eddd1dbfc 100644
--- a/packages/database/src/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/database/src/utils.ts
@@ -290,6 +290,10 @@ export function toInclude(options: any, context: ToIncludeContext = {}) {
   return data;
 }
 
+export function whereCompare(a: any, b: any): boolean {
+  return _.isEqual(a, b);
+}
+
 export function requireModule(module: any) {
   if (typeof module === 'string') {
     module = require(module);