docs: add actions api (#844)
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# Actions API
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# 内置常用资源操作
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针对常用的 CRUD 等数据资源的操作,NocoBase 内置了对应操作方法,并通过数据表资源自动映射相关的操作。
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所有的操作方法都是注册在 resourcer 实例上,也是标准兼容 Koa 的中间件函数(`(ctx, next) => Promise<void>`)。操作的参数由路由解析后附加在 `ctx.action` 对象上,后续参数相关介绍均基于此对象。
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通常情况下无需直接调用内置的 action 方法,在需要扩展默认操作行为时,可以在自定义的操作方法内调用默认方法。
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## 包结构
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可通过以下方式引入相关实体:
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```ts
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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```
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## 单一数据资源操作
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### `list()`
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获取数据列表。对应资源操作的 URL 为 `GET /api/<resource>:list`。
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**参数**
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| 参数名 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `filter` | `Filter` | - | 过滤参数 |
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| `fields` | `string[]` | - | 要获取的字段 |
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| `except` | `string[]` | - | 要排除的字段 |
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| `appends` | `string[]` | - | 要附加的关系字段 |
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| `sort` | `string[]` | - | 排序参数 |
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| `page` | `number` | 1 | 分页 |
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| `pageSize` | `number` | 20 | 每页数据条数 |
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**示例**
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当需要提供一个查询数据列表的接口,但不是默认以 JSON 格式输出时,可以基于内置默认方法进行扩展:
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```ts
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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app.actions({
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  async ['books:list'](ctx, next) {
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    ctx.action.mergeParams({
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      except: ['content']
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    });
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    await actions.list(ctx, async () => {
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      const { rows } = ctx.body;
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      // transform JSON to CSV output
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      ctx.body = rows.map(row => Object.keys(row).map(key => row[key]).join(',')).join('\n');
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      ctx.type = 'text/csv';
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      await next();
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    });
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  }
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});
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```
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请求示例,将获得 CSV 格式文件的返回:
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```shell
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curl -X GET http://localhost:13000/api/books:list
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```
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### `get()`
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获取单条数据。对应资源操作的 URL 为 `GET /api/<resource>:get`。
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**参数**
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| 参数名 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `filterByTk` | `number \| string` | - | 过滤主键 |
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| `filter` | `Filter` | - | 过滤参数 |
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| `fields` | `string[]` | - | 要获取的字段 |
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| `except` | `string[]` | - | 要排除的字段 |
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| `appends` | `string[]` | - | 要附加的关系字段 |
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| `sort` | `string[]` | - | 排序参数 |
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| `page` | `number` | 1 | 分页 |
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| `pageSize` | `number` | 20 | 每页数据条数 |
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**示例**
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基于 NocoBase 内置的文件管理插件,可以扩展当客户端请求以资源标识下载一个文件时,返回文件流:
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```ts
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import path from 'path';
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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import { STORAGE_TYPE_LOCAL } from '@nocobase/plugin-file-manager';
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app.actions({
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  async ['attachments:get'](ctx, next) {
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    ctx.action.mergeParams({
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      appends: ['storage'],
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    });
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    await actions.get(ctx, async () => {
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      if (ctx.accepts('json', 'application/octet-stream') === 'json') {
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        return next();
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      }
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      const { body: attachment } = ctx;
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      const { storage } = attachment;
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      if (storage.type !== STORAGE_TYPE_LOCAL) {
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        return ctx.redirect(attachment.url);
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      }
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      ctx.body = fs.createReadStream(path.resolve(storage.options.documentRoot?, storage.path));
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      ctx.attachment(attachment.filename);
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      ctx.type = 'application/octet-stream';
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      await next();
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    });
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  }
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});
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```
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请求示例,将获得文件流的返回:
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```shell
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curl -X GET -H "Accept: application/octet-stream" http://localhost:13000/api/attachments:get?filterByTk=1
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```
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### `create()`
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创建单条数据。对应资源操作的 URL 为 `POST /api/<resource>:create`。
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**参数**
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| 参数名 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `values` | `Object` | - | 要创建的数据 |
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**示例**
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类似文件管理插件,创建带有二进制内容的数据作为上传文件的附件:
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```ts
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import multer from '@koa/multer';
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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app.actions({
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  async ['files:create'](ctx, next) {
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    if (ctx.request.type === 'application/json') {
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      return actions.create(ctx, next);
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    }
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    if (ctx.request.type !== 'multipart/form-data') {
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      return ctx.throw(406);
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    }
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    // 文件保存处理仅用 multer() 作为示例,不代表完整的逻辑
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    multer().single('file')(ctx, async () => {
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      const { file, body } = ctx.request;
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      const { filename, mimetype, size, path } = file;
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      ctx.action.mergeParams({
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        values: {
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          filename,
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          mimetype,
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          size,
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          path: file.path,
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          meta: typeof body.meta === 'string' ? JSON.parse(body.meta) : {};
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        }
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      });
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      await actions.create(ctx, next);
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    });
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  }
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});
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```
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请求示例,可以创建文件表的普通数据,也可以含附件一起提交:
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```shell
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# 仅创建普通数据
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curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"filename": "some-file.txt", "mimetype": "text/plain", "size": 5, "url": "https://cdn.yourdomain.com/some-file.txt"}' "http://localhost:13000/api/files:create"
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# 含附件一起提交
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curl -X POST -F "file=@/path/to/some-file.txt" -F 'meta={"length": 100}' "http://localhost:13000/api/files:create"
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```
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### `update()`
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更新一条或多条数据。对应的 URL 为 `DELETE /api/<resource>:delete`。
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**参数**
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| 参数名 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `filter` | `Filter` | - | 过滤参数 |
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| `filterByTk` | `number \| string` | - | 过滤主键 |
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| `values` | `Object` | - | 更新数据值 |
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注:参数中的 `filter` 和 `filterByTk` 至少提供一项。
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**示例**
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类似 `create()` 的例子,更新文件记录可以扩展为可携带二进制内容的数据作为更新的文件:
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```ts
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import multer from '@koa/multer';
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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app.actions({
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  async ['files:update'](ctx, next) {
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    if (ctx.request.type === 'application/json') {
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      return actions.update(ctx, next);
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    }
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    if (ctx.request.type !== 'multipart/form-data') {
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      return ctx.throw(406);
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    }
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    // 文件保存处理仅用 multer() 作为示例,不代表完整的逻辑
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    multer().single('file')(ctx, async () => {
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      const { file, body } = ctx.request;
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      const { filename, mimetype, size, path } = file;
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      ctx.action.mergeParams({
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        values: {
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          filename,
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          mimetype,
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          size,
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          path: file.path,
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          meta: typeof body.meta === 'string' ? JSON.parse(body.meta) : {};
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        }
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      });
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      await actions.update(ctx, next);
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    });
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  }
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});
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```
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请求示例,可以创建文件表的普通数据,也可以含附件一起提交:
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```shell
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# 仅创建普通数据
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curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"filename": "some-file.txt", "mimetype": "text/plain", "size": 5, "url": "https://cdn.yourdomain.com/some-file.txt"}' "http://localhost:13000/api/files:update"
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# 含附件一起提交
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curl -X PUT -F "file=@/path/to/some-file.txt" -F 'meta={"length": 100}' "http://localhost:13000/api/files:update"
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```
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### `destroy()`
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删除一条或多条数据。对应的 URL 为 `DELETE /api/<resource>:destroy`。
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**参数**
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| 参数名 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| `filter` | `Filter` | - | 过滤参数 |
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| `filterByTk` | `number \| string` | - | 过滤主键 |
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注:参数中的 `filter` 和 `filterByTk` 至少提供一项。
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**示例**
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类似对文件管理插件扩展一个删除文件数据也需要同时删除对应文件的操作处理:
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```ts
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import actions from '@nocobase/actions';
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app.actions({
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  async ['files:destroy'](ctx, next) {
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    // const repository = getRepositoryFromParams(ctx);
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    // const { filterByTk, filter } = ctx.action.params;
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    // const items = await repository.find({
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    //   fields: [repository.collection.filterTargetKey],
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    //   appends: ['storage'],
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    //   filter,
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    //   filterByTk,
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    //   context: ctx,
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    // });
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    // await items.reduce((promise, item) => promise.then(async () => {
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    //   await item.removeFromStorage();
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    //   await item.destroy();
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    // }), Promise.resolve());
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    await actions.destroy(ctx, async () => {
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      // do something
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      await next();
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    });
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  }
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});
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```
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## 关系资源资源操作
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TODO
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