117 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
117 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
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---
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order: 1
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toc: menu
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group:
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title: 插件开发
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path: /zh-CN/guide/plugin-development
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order: 5
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---
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# 什么是插件？
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插件是按功能划分的可插拔的独立模块。
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## 为什么要写插件？
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NocoBase 提供了丰富的 API 用于应用开发，即使不写插件也是可以实现功能扩展。之所以写成插件，是为了降低耦合，以及更好的复用。做到一处编写，随处使用。当然有些业务联系非常紧密，也没有必要过分的插件化拆分。
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## 如何编写一个插件？
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例如，添加一个 ratelimit 中间件，可以这样写：
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```ts
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import ratelimit from 'koa-ratelimit';
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app.use(ratelimit({
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driver: 'memory',
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db: new Map(),
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duration: 60000,
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errorMessage: 'Sometimes You Just Have to Slow Down.',
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id: (ctx) => ctx.ip,
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headers: {
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remaining: 'Rate-Limit-Remaining',
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reset: 'Rate-Limit-Reset',
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total: 'Rate-Limit-Total'
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},
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max: 100,
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disableHeader: false,
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whitelist: (ctx) => {
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// some logic that returns a boolean
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},
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blacklist: (ctx) => {
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// some logic that returns a boolean
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}
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}));
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```
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但是这种写法，只能开发处理，不能动态移除。为此，NocoBase 提供了可插拔的 `app.plugin()` 接口，用于实现中间件的添加和移除。改造之后，代码如下：
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```ts
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import ratelimit from 'koa-ratelimit';
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class RateLimitPlugin extends Plugin {
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constructor(options) {
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super(options);
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this.ratelimit = ratelimit(options.options);
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}
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enable() {
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this.app.use(this.ratelimit)
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}
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disable() {
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this.app.unuse(this.ratelimit);
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}
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}
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app.plugin(RateLimitPlugin, {
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name: 'rate-limit',
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version: '1.0.0',
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options: {
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driver: 'memory',
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db: new Map(),
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duration: 60000,
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errorMessage: 'Sometimes You Just Have to Slow Down.',
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id: (ctx) => ctx.ip,
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headers: {
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remaining: 'Rate-Limit-Remaining',
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reset: 'Rate-Limit-Reset',
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total: 'Rate-Limit-Total'
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},
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max: 100,
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disableHeader: false,
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whitelist: (ctx) => {
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// some logic that returns a boolean
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},
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blacklist: (ctx) => {
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// some logic that returns a boolean
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}
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}
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});
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```
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- 将 ratelimit 的参数提炼出来，更进一步可以把参数配置交给插件管理面板
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- 当插件激活时，执行 plugin.enable()，把 ratelimit 添加进来
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- 当插件禁用时，执行 plugin.disable()，把 ratelimit 移除
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以上就是插件的核心内容了，任何功能扩展都可以这样处理。只要两步：
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- 实现插件的 enable 接口，用于添加功能；
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- 再实现 disable 接口，用于移除功能模块。
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```ts
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class MyPlugin extends Plugin {
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enable() {
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// 添加的逻辑
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}
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disable() {
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// 移除的逻辑
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}
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}
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```
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**不实现 disable 可不可以？**
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disable 接口是为了实现插件的热插拔，应用不需要重启就能实现插件的激活和禁用。如果某个插件不需要被禁用，也可以只实现 enable 接口。
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