563 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
563 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: '@nocobase/resourcer'
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order: 2
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# toc: menu
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---
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# @nocobase/resourcer
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## 介绍
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提供数据资源操作方法,可单独使用。
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基于资源(resource)和操作方法(action)设计,将 REST 和 RPC 思想融合起来,为资源提供操作方法,执行方法时提供相关参数(params)。
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特点:
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- 可注册的 Middlewares 和 Actions
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- 提供灵活的多来源 Action Params 合并方案
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- 不局限于 Koa 框架
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- 不局限于 HTTP
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<Alert title="何为多来源 Action Params?" type="info">
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以 filter 为例,某数据表的过滤条件可能来自:
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- 客户端请求参数
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- 视图限定了筛选范围
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- 权限也可能限定了筛选范围
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- 通过中间件注入定制化的过滤条件
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resourcer 提供了非常方便的接口用于处理参数的合并(包括自定义合并或替换规则)
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</Alert>
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资源有五种类型:
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- single 独立资源
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- hasOne 一对一的关系资源
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- hasMany 一对多的关系资源
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- belongsTo 一对一的关系资源
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- belongsToMany 多对多的关系资源
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举例说明:
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- users:独立资源;
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- posts:独立资源;
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- users.profile:关系资源,一对一关系 User.hasOne(Profile),资源为 profile,属于 users;
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- posts.user:关系资源,多对一关系 Post.belongsTo(User),资源为 user,属于 posts;
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- users.posts:关系资源,一对多关系 User.hasMany(Post),资源为 posts,属于 users;
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- posts.tags:关系资源,多对多关系 Post.belongsToMany(Tag),资源为 tags,属于 posts。
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资源名称的格式:
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- resourceName:独立资源
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- associatedName.resourceName:关系资源
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操作名称的格式:
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- create:全局操作
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- resourceName:create:隶属某个资源的操作
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- associatedName.resourceName:create:隶属某个关系资源的操作
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这种资源和操作的格式,在 SDK 的协助下,看起来会更加直观,如:
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```ts
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api.resource('users').login({
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// 省略具体参数
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});
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```
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<Alert title="为什么不是 REST 或 GraphQL?" type="warning">
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Resourcer 是基于资源设计的,可以看做是 REST 的扩展(兼容的同时,但有些许不同),提供了类 REST 的 Resource Action API([点此查看细节](#resourcerkoarestapimiddleware)),非常灵活,同时弥补了 REST 的一些缺陷。不用 GraphQL 的原因是因为还不够完善,尤其为了追求 GraphQL 需要写很多代码,并不适合作为常规 API 开放给大众。后续如果反应强烈会考虑适配 GraphQL,其他感兴趣的开发也可以自由发挥,来完善 GraphQL API。
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</Alert>
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## 安装
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```bash
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yarn add @nocobase/resourcer
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```
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## Usage
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```ts
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import Resourcer from '@nocobase/resourcer';
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const resourcer = new Resourcer();
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resourcer.registerActions({
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async list(ctx, next) {
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ctx.arr.push(3);
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await next();
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ctx.arr.push(4);
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},
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async create(ctx, next) {
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ctx.arr.push(5);
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await next();
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ctx.arr.push(6);
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},
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});
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resourcer.define({
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name: 'users',
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});
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const context = {
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arr: [],
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};
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await resourcer.execute({
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resource: 'users',
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action: 'list',
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}, context);
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console.log(context.arr);
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// [1,3,4,2]
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```
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## API
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### context.action.params
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action.params 分为三类:
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- 用于定位资源和操作的参数(这些暂时也放在 action.params 里了)
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- actionName
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- resourceName
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- associatedName
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- 定位资源 ID 相关参数
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- resourceKey
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- associatedKey
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- request 的 query 和 body 相关参数
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- filter
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- fields
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- sort
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- page
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- perPage
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- values 对应为 request.body
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- 其他 query params
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#### actionName
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资源操作名称
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#### resourceName
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资源名称
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#### associatedName
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所属资源名称
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#### resourceKey
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资源 ID
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#### associatedKey
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所属资源 ID
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#### filter
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过滤条件
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#### fields
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字段
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#### sort
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排序
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#### page
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分页
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#### perPage
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每页显示条数
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#### values
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body 数据
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#### 其他自定义参数
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待补充...
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### context.action.mergeParams
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为 action.params 提供的多来源参数合并的方法
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```ts
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action.mergeParams({
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filter: {col1: 'val1'},
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});
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```
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<Alert title="注意" type="warning">
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后续可能会使用 [deepmerge](https://www.npmjs.com/package/deepmerge) 重构,以便处理更灵活的自定义合并规则。
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</Alert>
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### resourcer.define
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配置资源
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用例:
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```ts
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resourcer.define({
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name: 'posts',
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middlewares: [
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async (ctx, next) => {
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await next();
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},
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{
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only: [],
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except: [],
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handler: async (ctx, next) => {
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await next();
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},
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},
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],
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actions: {
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async get(ctx, next) {
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await next();
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},
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list: {
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fields,
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filter,
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sort,
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page,
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perPage,
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middlewares: [],
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handler: async (ctx, next) => {
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await next();
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},
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},
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},
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});
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```
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### resourcer.execute <Badge>实验性</Badge>
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注入 context
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### resourcer.import
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批量导入已配置的资源
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### resourcer.isDefined
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判断资源是否已定义
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### resourcer.koaRestApiMiddleware
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原 resourcer.middleware
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为 Koa 提供的类 REST API 中间件。提供了标准的 REST API 映射,Resource Action 与 Request Method 的对应关系如下:
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| Resource Action | Request Method |
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| :-------------- | :---------------------- |
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| list | GET \<collection URL\> |
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| get | GET \<resource URL\> |
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| create | POST \<collection URL\> |
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| update | PUT \<resource URL\> |
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| destroy | DELETE \<resource URL\> |
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标准的 REST API 映射下,actionName 可以缺失,但也可以显式声明,当指定 actionName 时,将不受 Request Method 影响。相关 HTTP 格式如下:
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```bash
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# 独立资源
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<requestMethod> /api/<resourceName>:<actionName>?<queryString>
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<requestMethod> /api/<resourceName>:<actionName>/<resourceKey>?<queryString>
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# 关系资源
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<requestMethod> /api/<associatedName>/<associatedKey>/<resourceName>:<actionName>?<queryString>
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<requestMethod> /api/<associatedName>/<associatedKey>/<resourceName>:<actionName>/<resourceKey>?<queryString>
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<body> # 非 GET 请求时,可以提供 body 数据,一般为 JSON 格式
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```
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为了让大家更理解 Resource Action API 设计,我们接下来举几个具体的例子:
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##### 查看文章列表
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```bash
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GET /api/posts?filter={"col1": "val1"}&fields=col1,col2&sort=-created_at
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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actionName: 'list',
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resourceName: 'posts',
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filter: {'col1': 'val1'},
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fields: ['col1', 'col2'],
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sort: ['-created_at'],
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}
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```
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##### 新增文章
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```bash
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POST /api/posts
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{"title": "title1"}
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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resourceName: 'posts',
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actionName: 'create',
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values: {
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title: 'title1',
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},
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}
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```
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##### 查看文章详情
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```bash
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GET /api/posts/1?fields=col1,col2
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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resourceName: 'posts',
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resourceKey: 1,
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actionName: 'get',
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fields: ['col1', 'col2'],
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}
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```
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##### 更新文章
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```bash
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PUT /api/posts/1
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{"title": "title1"}
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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resourceName: 'posts',
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resourceKey: 1,
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actionName: 'update',
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values: {
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title: 'title1',
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},
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}
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```
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##### 删除文章
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```bash
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DELETE /api/posts/1
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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resourceName: 'posts',
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resourceKey: 1,
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actionName: 'destroy',
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}
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```
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##### 文章评论列表
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```bash
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GET /api/posts/1/comments?filter={"col1": "val1"}&fields=col1,col2&sort=-created_at
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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associatedName: 'posts',
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associatedKey: 1,
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resourceName: 'comments',
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actionName: 'list',
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filter: {'col1': 'val1'},
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fields: ['col1', 'col2'],
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sort: ['-created_at'],
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}
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```
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##### 文章评论详情
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```bash
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GET /api/posts/1/comments/2
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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associatedName: 'posts',
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associatedKey: 1,
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resourceName: 'comments',
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resourceKey: 2,
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actionName: 'get',
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}
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```
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##### 显式声明 actionName 的例子
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```bash
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POST /api/users:login
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{"username": "admin", "password": "password"}
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```
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对应的 context.action.params 为:
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```ts
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{
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resourceName: 'users',
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actionName: 'login',
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values: {
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username: 'admin',
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password: 'password',
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},
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}
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```
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当不指定 actionName 时,默认为 create,对应的是「新建用户」操作,但是指定 actionName=login 时,就变为了「用户登录」操作了。
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<Alert title="注意" type="warning">
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在 Resource Action API 的设计理念里,即使类似 login、register、logout 等非标准的 REST API 也可以非常方便的扩展。大家可以更专注于 action 本身,而不必纠结于 request method 和 route 应该如何设计,也不需要考虑 routes 优先级等问题。
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</Alert>
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### resourcer.registerAction(name: ActionName, options: ActionOptions)
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|||
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原 resourcer.registerActionHandler
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- name:操作名称
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- options:操作配置
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|||
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可用于注册全局的或某资源特有的 action。
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|||
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|||
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<Alert title="注意" type="warning">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
与 resourcer.define 不同,registerAction 的 actionName 支持三种格式:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `<actionName>` 全局操作
|
|||
|
- `<resourceName>:<actionName>` 某资源特有操作
|
|||
|
- `<associatedName>.<resourceName>:<actionName>` 某关系资源特有操作
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
更复杂判断条件,需要结合 `resourcer.use` 方法一起处理
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</Alert>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
示例
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```ts
|
|||
|
resourcer.registerAction('actionName', async (ctx, next) => {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
// 带配置
|
|||
|
resourcer.registerAction('actionName', {
|
|||
|
filter,
|
|||
|
fields,
|
|||
|
middlewares: [],
|
|||
|
handler: async (ctx, next) => {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
resourcer.registerAction('resourceName:actionName', async (ctx, next) => {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
resourcer.registerAction('associatedName.resourceName:actionName', async (ctx, next) => {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<Alert title="注意" type="warning">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
resourcer 使用 koa-compress 来处理中间件,是一种洋葱圈模型,因此在 action handler 里也不要忘了 `next()`,不然会影响后置逻辑的处理。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</Alert>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
更复杂的情况:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```ts
|
|||
|
resourcer.use(async (ctx, next) => {
|
|||
|
const { actionName, resourceName } = ctx.action.params;
|
|||
|
if (actionName === 'foo') {
|
|||
|
// 其他判断条件
|
|||
|
// 不符合条件的 404 处理
|
|||
|
ctx.throw(404);
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### resourcer.registerActions(actions)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
原 resourcer.registerActionHandlers
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
批量注册 actions,用法同 [resourcer.registerAction](#resourcerregisterActionname-actionname-handler-handlertype)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
示例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```ts
|
|||
|
resourcer.registerActions({
|
|||
|
async foo(ctx, next) {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
async bar(ctx, next) {
|
|||
|
await next();
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### resourcer.registerActionMiddleware(actionName, handler) <Badge>未实现</Badge>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
为某操作(action)注册特有的 middleware
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### resourcer.registerResourceMiddleware(resourceName, options) <Badge>未实现</Badge>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
为某资源(resource)注册特有的 middleware
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### resourcer.use
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
注册 resourcer 全局 middleware
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<Alert title="为什么要提供不同的中间件注册方法?" type="warning">
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
虽然大部分框架都提供了中间件,但是中间件的执行顺序(优先级)依赖于编码顺序,这种方式非常不利于插件化管理。因此,在 Resourcer 设计思想里,将中间件做了分层,不同层级的 middlewares 不依赖于编码顺序,而是如下顺序:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. 首先,koa 层:`koa.use`
|
|||
|
2. 其次,resourcer 层:`resourcer.use`
|
|||
|
3. 再次,resource 层(每个资源独立):`resourcer.registerActionMiddleware`
|
|||
|
4. 最后,action 层:`resourcer.registerResourceMiddleware`
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
不过,每个层次的中间件执行顺序还依赖于编码顺序,如有需要再进行更细微的改进。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</Alert>
|